ABSTRACT
Convulsive seizures caused by hyponatremia occur when this condition is severe and develops quickly, resulting in a brain's adaptive inability to contain brain swelling. Seizures are rarely the cause of shoulder fractures. This is a case report of bilateral humerus fracture following a single epileptic seizure caused by drug hyponatremia, an unconventional event in medical practice. A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room after a single tonic-clonic seizure with spontaneously ceased sphincter relaxation, showing Glasgow 6. No falls or restraint were reported by observers. When alert, the patient reported pain and difficulty moving both arms. During examination, the movement was li- mited to the right and left. Anteroposterior radiographs revealed bilateral fracture at the neck of humerus. To complement inves- tigation for further lesions, a computed tomography confirmed bilateral fracture-dislocation with impaction of the humeral head with the glenoid. Atraumatic bilateral fracture-dislocation of the humerus after epileptic seizure is a very rare event. It is believed that some of these diagnoses have been neglected due to the difficulty of characterizing the patient's pain in a postictal state. The importance of a detailed physical examination shall be emphasized in risk groups such as the polymedicated elderly.
Convulsive seizures caused by hyponatremia occur when this condition is severe and develops quickly, resulting in a brain's adaptive inability to contain brain swelling. Seizures are rarely the cause of shoulder fractures. This is a case report of bilateral humerus fracture following a single epileptic seizure caused by drug hyponatremia, an unconventional event in medical practice. A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room after a single tonic-clonic seizure with spontaneously ceased sphincter relaxation, showing Glasgow 6. No falls or restraint were reported by observers. When alert, the patient reported pain and difficulty moving both arms. During examination, the movement was li- mited to the right and left. Anteroposterior radiographs revealed bilateral fracture at the neck of humerus. To complement inves- tigation for further lesions, a computed tomography confirmed bilateral fracture-dislocation with impaction of the humeral head with the glenoid. Atraumatic bilateral fracture-dislocation of the humerus after epileptic seizure is a very rare event. It is believed that some of these diagnoses have been neglected due to the difficulty of characterizing the patient's pain in a postictal state. The importance of a detailed physical examination shall be emphasized in risk groups such as the polymedicated elderly.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Seizures/complications , Shoulder Dislocation/etiology , Shoulder Fractures/etiology , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/complications , Shoulder Dislocation/surgery , Shoulder Dislocation/rehabilitation , Shoulder Dislocation/diagnostic imaging , Shoulder Fractures/surgery , Shoulder Fractures/rehabilitation , Shoulder Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Radiography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Physical Therapy Modalities , Amnesia, Anterograde/etiology , Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects , Hyponatremia/chemically induced , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effectsABSTRACT
La infección por Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana y el Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida en fase avanzada de la infección, propician condiciones de vulnerabilidad para las infecciones oportunistas. Caso Clínico: Paciente femenina de 21 años, sin antecedentes conocidos, se presentó a emergencia con historia de convulsión tónico-clónica de dos minutos de duración, acompañada de oculogiros, sin relajación de esfínteres; pérdida ponderal de ocho meses de evolución, acompañada de astenia, adinamia, hiporexia y tos seca. En el examen físico de tórax: a la inspección de piel se observó costra serohematica impetiginizada en hemitórax izquierdo, sin cruzar la línea media, acompañado de dolor y seguía el trayecto dermatomérico; a la auscultación, crépitos escasos en lóbulo medio de pulmón derecho. Durante la evaluación de ingreso presentó dos episodios convulsivos similares. Se practicó radiografía de tórax posteroanterior, se observó masa circular en lóbulo medio de pulmón derecho; hematología demostró falla renal aguda, anemia normocitica-normocromica y sospecha de inmunosupresión. Se diagnosticó Infección por Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana/Síndrome Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida mediante serología y conteo de linfocitos CD4, histoplasmosis sistémica, herpes zóster y tuberculosis pulmonar; se instauró tratamiento. Al finalizar terapia y la evolución clínica se decide su egreso, para control ambulatorio. Conclusión: la intervención temprana y la terapia adecuada son esenciales para la evolución y desenlace clínico; la paciente tuvo evolución satisfactoria posterior al inicio de una terapia antifimica profiláctica, se egresó y se dio control en consulta externa de Infectología del Hospital Escuela Universitario...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/complications , Herpes Zoster , Histoplasma/immunology , HIVABSTRACT
El Síndrome de Sandifer es un trastorno neuroconductual con movimientos de hiperextensión de cuello, cabeza y tronco, con rotación de cabeza, que generalmente se presentan durante o inmediatamente después de la ingesta de alimentos y cesa durante el sueño, secundario a enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Se caracteriza por esofagitis, anemia por deficiencia de hierro y son confundidos con frecuencia como crisis de origen epiléptico. Lactante masculino de 5 meses referido por movimientos de tónico-clónicos generalizados, de segundos de duración, con una frecuencia de 30 episodios al día, que no ceden con el uso de 3 anticonvulsivantes. Disfagia a alimentos pastosos. Hospitalización al mes de vida por episodio de amenazante de la vida. Estudios neurológicos normales. Paraclínica: anemia microcítica e hipocrómica. Videodeglutoscopia: Disfagia de fase oral leve, disfagia fase esofágica a estudiar (Regurgitación), reflujo faringolaringeo según escala de Belafsky y Larigomalacia grado I; pHmetría de 24 horas con impedancia, puntación de Boix-Ochoa de 26%, durante la colocación de la sonda se observo posición anómala de la cabeza e hiperextensión del dorso. Estudio contrastado de esófago, estómago y duodeno sin anormalidad anatómica. Endoscopia digestiva superior: Esofagitis no erosiva, Hernia hiatal. El Síndrome de Sandifer es una de las presentaciones atípicas de RGE en lactantes. Amerita la evaluación de un equipo multidisciplinario para establecer el diagnóstico. El manejo medico incluyó medidas antireflujo, esomeprazol y técnica de alimentación adecuada con evolución satisfactoria. La diversidad de enfermedades relacionadas con RGE exige el uso de variadas técnicas para lograr diagnósticos más asertivos
Sandifer's syndrome is a neurobehavioral disorder with hyperextension movements of neck, head and trunk, head rotation, which usually occur during or immediately after food intake and ceases during sleep, secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is characterized by esophagitis, anemia and iron deficiency are often confused as a crisis of epileptic origin. A male infant of 5 months reported by tonic-clonic movements of widespread, lasting seconds, with a frequency of 30 episodes per day, which do not yield with the use of 3 anticonvulsants. Pasty food dysphagia. Hospitalization month of life-threatening episode of life. Normal neurological studies. Paraclinical: hypochromic microcytic anemia. Videodeglutoscopia: mild oral phase dysphagia, esophageal dysphagia to study phase (regurgitation), pharyngolaryngeal reflux as Belafsky and Larigomalacia scale grade I, ph-metry of 24 hours with impedance, Boix-Ochoa score of 26% during the placement of probe was observed abnormal head position and hyperextension of the back. Contrast study of esophagus, stomach and duodenum without anatomical abnormality. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: nonerosive esophagitis, hiatal hernia. Sandifer Syndrome is one of the atypical presentations of GER in infants. Warrants evaluation by a multidisciplinary team to establish the diagnosis. The medical management included antireflux measures, esomeprazole and proper feeding technique with satisfactory outcome. The diversity of diseases associated with GER requires the use of various diagnostic techniques to get more assertive
Subject(s)
Infant , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/complications , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/pathology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Gastroesophageal Reflux/pathology , Deglutition Disorders , Gastrointestinal Diseases , PediatricsABSTRACT
The acute neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a kind of pulmonary edema that occurs as a result of a variety of injuries of the central nervous system. Usually it is underdiagnosed. It has been reported in many diseases and direct injuries of the central nervous system. We present the clinical case of a middle age women with a neurogenic pulmonary edema secondary to a epileptic seizure. We made a review of the literature with special emphasis on clinical implications and treatment.
El edema pulmonar agudo neurogénico (EPN) es un tipo de edema pulmonar que ocurre como consecuencia de una variada gama de lesiones del sistema nervioso central. Generalmente es subdiagnosticado. Se ha reportado en múltiples patologías y lesiones directas del sistema nervioso central. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de mediana edad, con edema pulmonar agudo secundario a una crisis convulsiva epiléptica. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura con especial énfasis en las implicancias clínicas y tratamiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/complications , Central Nervous System Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
Epilepsy with myoclonic absences is a rare seizure disorder with intellectual impairment and resistance to conventional anti-convulsants. It is essential to diagnose epilepsy with myoclonic absences earlier for a better outcome. The authors present a case report to highlight this fact.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Child , Drug Therapy, Combination , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/complications , Female , Humans , Mental Disorders/etiology , Triazines/therapeutic use , Valproic Acid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
A 38-year-old woman presented with massive hemoptysis ( 200 mL/ 24 hours) occurring abruptly after generalized tonic clonic seizure. She experienced similar episodes of hemoptysis on three later occasions. Although the coexistence of hemoptysis and seizure has been reported, albeit rarely, as a clinical manifestation of postictal neurogenic pulmonary edema, massive hemoptysis after seizure is an extremely rare event with no recurrent cases of such episodes having ever been reported. The coexistence of hemoptysis and seizure increases the difficulty in diagnosis for the clinician. We describe the differential diagnosis among the diseases capable of causing seizure and hemoptysis.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Diagnosis, Differential , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/complications , Hemoptysis/diagnosis , Pulmonary Alveoli , Pulmonary Edema/complications , Recurrence , Respiration, ArtificialABSTRACT
Os autores descrevem um caso de associaçäo entre crise convulsiva tipo grande mal e edema pulmonar. Trata-se de uma paciente de 40 anos, portadora de crises convulsivas há quatro anos e meio, geralmente seguidas da apresentaçäo de escarro hemóptico. Deu entrada no Pronto Socorro por ter apresentado, há uma hora, crise convulsiva tipo grande mal, com duraçäo referida de poucos minutos, e que em seguida começou a apresentar escarro hemóptico. O exame físico estava normal, com exceçäo da presença de estertores subcrepitantes pulmonares bilaterais. O radiograma de tórax, realizado na entrada, revelou imagem compatível com edema pulmonar e estava normal 24 horas após, sem uso de qualquer medicaçäo. É feita também uma revisäo sumária da literatura